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It soon thereafter became a major sugar producer as new settlers arrived to develop plantations. They refused to extend voting rights to African Americans who had been free before the war and had sometimes obtained education and property (as in New Orleans). [208] The state's principal agricultural products include seafood (it is the biggest producer of crawfish in the world, supplying approximately 90%), cotton, soybeans, cattle, sugarcane, poultry and eggs, dairy products, and rice. [41] Significant Caddoan Mississippian archaeological sites in Louisiana include Belcher Mound Site in Caddo Parish and Gahagan Mounds Site in Red River Parish.[42]. The state has no NCAA Division II teams and only two NCAA Division III teams. But thousands of other workers, black and white alike, migrated to California for better jobs in its burgeoning defense industry. [29] The first burial mounds were built at this time. Louisiana is often affected by tropical cyclones and is very vulnerable to strikes by major hurricanes, particularly the lowlands around and in the New Orleans area. A third distinct culture in Louisiana is that of the Isleos. The main intent of the French government was to assert control over the slave system of agriculture in Louisiana and to impose restrictions on slaveowners there. Despite ranking as the third-least educated state as of 2023, preceded by Mississippi and West Virginia,[14] Louisiana is home to over 40 public and private colleges and universities including: Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge; the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in Lafayette; and Tulane University in New Orleans. The oldest rocks date back to the early Cenozoic Era, some 60 million years ago. [131] The sediments were carried from north to south by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. In practice, the Code Noir was exceedingly difficult to enforce from afar. However, upon the passage of House Bill 292, Louisiana again adopted a nonpartisan blanket primary for its federal congressional elections. Officials had issued warnings to evacuate the city and nearby areas, but tens of thousands of people, mostly African Americans, stayed behind, many of them stranded. New Orleans had the largest population of free people of color in the region; they could find work there and created their own culture, marrying among themselves for decades. As Pangea split apart, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico opened. The elected sheriff in each parish is the chief law enforcement officer in the parish. A number of accounts by 17th- and 18th-century French explorers: Jean-Bernard Bossu, Franois-Marie Perrin du Lac, Pierre-Franois-Xavier de Charlevoix, Dumont (as published by Fr.