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How to Launch Career as a Data Journalist More on these different research philosophies and approaches will be covered in future chapters of this book. WebScience is also a rapidly expanding body of knowledge, whose ultimate goal is to discover the simplest general principles that can explain the enormous complexity of nature. The notion that scientific ideas are not absolute creates doubt for non-scientists; however, a lack of universal truths should not be confused with scientific uncertainty. Even practitioners of positivism, such as American sociologist Paul Lazarsfield who pioneered large-scale survey research and statistical techniques for analyzing survey data, acknowledged potential problems of observer bias and structural limitations in positivist inquiry. (Environmental Science Simple Book Publishing, n.d.). The same rigor should be applied to evaluating the publisher, ensuring the results reported come from an unbiased process. Some of the most powerful scientific experiments involve manipulating key (or controlling) variables and comparing the results of those treatments with a control that was not manipulated. Pizza is the best food on Earth. Science Students use their specialized knowledge to understand the field and its interconnectedness and limits. Health Information Technology This concept is called parsimony or Occams razor. Parsimony prevents scientists from pursuing overly complex or outlandish theories with endless number of concepts and relationships that may explain a little bit of everything but nothing in particular. An authors credibility is based on multiple factors, such as having a degree in a relevant topic or being funded from an unbiased source. Critical research attempts to uncover and critique the restrictive and alienating conditions of the status quo by analyzing the oppositions, conflicts and contradictions in contemporary society, and seeks to eliminate the causes of alienation and domination (i.e., emancipate the oppressed class). WebScience is a method that uses observation, hypothesis and experimentation to construct theories to account for why things are as they are, and how they work. 0= Seeking explanations for observed events requires strong theoretical and interpretation skills, along with intuition, insights, and personal experience. Scientific knowledge refers to a generalized body of laws and theories to explain a phenomenon or behavior of interest that are acquired using the scientific method. N_72e|Ic>yS-%e|lgMi>|{.aSYSH%_5o[$xCo-,3"2" In general, inductive logic plays a much stronger role in modern science than does deductive logic. In deductive research , the goal of the researcher is to test concepts and patterns known from theory using new empirical data.