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Greek Goddess Athena Facts & Mythology: Who was Athena the Goddess of "[25], It is generally agreed that the cult of Athena preserves some aspects of the Proto-Indo-European transfunctional goddess. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. [63] It was designed by Pytheos of Priene,[64] the same architect who designed the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. [109] Pindar, in his "Seventh Olympian Ode", states that she "cried aloud with a mighty shout" and that "the Sky and mother Earth shuddered before her. In some pottery it appears as a tasselled cover over Athena's dress. [105][98][101] He was in such pain that he ordered someone (either Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, Ares, or Palaemon, depending on the sources examined) to cleave his head open with the labrys, the double-headed Minoan axe. [6] For example, in Mycenae there was a goddess called Mykene, whose sisterhood was known as Mykenai,[6] whereas at Thebes an analogous deity was called Thebe, and the city was known under the plural form Thebai (or Thebes, in English, where the 's' is the plural formation). Some of the Attic vase-painters retained an archaic tradition that the tassels had originally been serpents in their representations of the aegis. Classical Greece interpreted the Homeric aegis usually as a cover of some kind borne by Athena. [4] Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across Greece, particularly the city of Athens, from which she most likely received her name. [237] Pallas Athena is the tutelary goddess of the international social fraternity Phi Delta Theta. [191][190][192] Athena then struck Arachne across the face with her staff four times. Athena, the patron goddess of the city of Athens, is associated with over a dozen sacred symbols from which she derived her powers. [33][34] The "Black Athena" hypothesis stirred up widespread controversy near the end of the twentieth century,[35][36] but it has now been widely rejected by modern scholars. Two Athenians, the sculptor Phidias and the playwright Aeschylus, contributed significantly to the cultural dissemination of Athenas image. Perseus, the mortal son of Zeus and the Argive princess Danae, was a Greek hero, king, and slayer of monsters.