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And because Socrates is best known as a teacher of thought and insight, it is perhaps appropriate that his most widely recognized contribution is a way of approaching education that remains fundamentally relevant even today. Today's AI opinion piece by Kissinger, Schmidt & Huttenlocher is wonderfully thought-provoking. For philosophy to rule it is sufficient for it to exist; that is to say for the philosophers to be philosophers. ~ Jose Ortega y Gasset. Historian, social theorist, and philosopher Michel Foucault, born in the riverfront city of Poiltiers, France, dedicated much of his teaching and writing to the examination of power and knowledge and their connection to social control. It is a philosophy of subjectivity. to his question, another question emerges again and again. And it will express values like the ones youll see in the following life Plato and Aristotle both give an important place to 3. However, in most traditional tellings, Lao-Tzu was the living embodiment of the philosophy known as Taoism and author of its primary text, the Tao Te Ching. He focused on the importance of the individuals subjective relationship with God, and his work addressed the themes of faith, Christian love, and human emotion. Empathy: People are more likely to engage in altruistic behavior when they feel empathy for the person in distress, a suggestion known as the empathy-altruism hypothesis. A German-born economist, political theorist, and philosopher, Karl Marx wrote some of the most revolutionary philosophical content ever produced. Why Study Philosophy? | Department of Philosophy - Lehigh University His most prominent works described the parameters of effective rulership, in which he seems to advocate for leadership by any means which retain power, including deceit, murder, and oppression. Part of the movement of British Empiricism alongside fellow countrymen David Hume, Thomas Hobbes, and Sir Francis Bacon, Locke is regarded as an important contributor to the development of the social contract theory and is sometimes identified as the father of liberalism. The word "philosophy" comes from two roots, "philo" and "Sophia," which mean "love" and Nihilism (/ n a (h) l z m, n i-/; from Latin nihil 'nothing') is a philosophy, or family of views within philosophy, that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as objective truth, knowledge, morality, values or meaning. The subject of Immanuel Kant's philosophy of religion has received more attention in the beginning of the 21 st century than it did in Kant's own time. At that time, almost everything in the domain . All reality is composed of atoms in a void. Explored the idea of objective vs. subjective truths, and argued that theological assertions were inherently subjective and arbitrary because they could not be verified or invalidated by science; Was highly critical of the entanglement between State and Church; Espoused awareness of the self through meditation; Disputed conventional wisdom as inherently biased, and urged followers of the Tao to find natural balance between the body, senses, and desires; Established the method of introspection, focusing on ones own emotions and behaviors in search of a better understanding of the self; Argued that in order to be true, something must be capable of repeated testing, a view that girded his ideology with the intent of scientific rigor.